Antihistamines

Antihistamines are a commonly used type of allergy medicine that blocks the action of histamines, the chemicals responsible for allergic symptoms. They effectively reduce sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Over-the-counter options like cetirizine (Zyrtec), loratadine (Claritin), and fexofenadine (Allegra) provide non-drowsy relief and are suitable for most adults. Prescription-strength antihistamines, such as levocetirizine (Xyzal) and desloratadine (Clarinex), may be recommended for severe or persistent symptoms.

Nasal Corticosteroids

Nasal corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation in the nasal passages, relieving congestion, and improving overall nasal symptoms. They are highly effective in treating nasal allergies and are available both over-the-counter and by prescription. Popular over-the-counter options include fluticasone (Flonase) and budesonide (Rhinocort), while prescription-strength options like mometasone (Nasonex) and triamcinolone (Nasacort) may be recommended for more severe symptoms.

Decongestants

Decongestants help relieve nasal congestion and sinus pressure by constricting blood vessels, reducing swelling in the nasal passages. Oral decongestants like pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) provide temporary relief, but they may cause side effects like increased heart rate and insomnia. Nasal decongestant sprays like oxymetazoline (Afrin) provide rapid relief but should not be used for more than a few days to avoid rebound congestion.

Allergy Eye Drops

For adults experiencing allergic conjunctivitis (eye allergies), allergy eye drops can provide much-needed relief from itching, redness, and watering of the eyes. Over-the-counter options like ketotifen (Zaditor) and olopatadine (Pataday) can alleviate mild to moderate symptoms. Prescription-strength eye drops containing stronger antihistamines or mast cell stabilizers may be recommended for severe or persistent eye allergies.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy, such as allergy shots or sublingual immunotherapy tablets, can be an effective long-term treatment for adults with severe allergies. These treatments involve gradually exposing the immune system to small amounts of allergens, helping build tolerance over time. Immunotherapy can provide significant symptom relief and reduce the need for daily medications.